Paper 5 john keats and his odes

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Name.                 :   Vyas Jeel j.
Roll No                :     15.
Paper No            :    5.  The Romantic Literature.
Class                    :     M.A. Sem - 2
Topic                   :   John kets and his odes.
Enrolment No   :    2069108420190045
College               :   Smt.S.B.Gardi Department of English
Email ID             :    jeelvyas15@gmail.com
Submitted         :    Department  of English M.K.B.University   








Introduction :
              John kets  was not only the last but also the most perfect of the Romanticists. He become famous after his death. He was very famous for his appreciation of beauty in all his poems. His idea are very famous. He had, moreover the novel idea that poetry exists for it’s own sake, and suffers lose by being devoted to philosophy or politics or, indeed, to any cause, however great or small.
Life :
          Keats life of devotion to beauty and to poetry is all the remarkable in view of his lowly origin.  He was son of hostler and stable keeper, and was born in the stable of swan and Hoop Inn, London, in 1795. He was only fifteen years old when his both the parents died. He completed his school at Enfield. For five years he served his apprenticeship and for two years more he was surgeon's helper in the hospital. He abandoned his profession in 1817. Same year published his first volume of poems.
        Keats was a man of strong character, and instead of quarreling with his reviewers, of the being crushed by their criticism, he went quietly to work with the idea of producing poetry that should live forever. As Matthew Arnold says, let’s “ had Flint and iron in him” and in his next volume he accomplished his own purpose and silenced unfriendly criticism.
       For three years during which keats wrote his poetry he lived chiefly in London and in Hampstead. When we remember all his personal grief and the harsh criticism of literary men, the last small volume, of lamia and Isabella is most significant as showing not only keats's wonderful poetic gifts, but also his beautiful and indomitable spirit. Shelly struck by the Beauty and promise of “Hyperion” sent a generous invitation to the author to come to pisa and live with him; but kets refused. He settled in Rome with his friend Severn, the artist, but died soon after his arrival in February, 1821. His grave is in Protestant cemetery at Rome.
His five odes:
             His five odes are very famous. Probably they all are written in 1819 in May month. He put date only on the one on Grecian urn. His ode are
• Ode to Psyche
• Ode to Nightingale
• Ode on Grecian urn
• Ode on melancholy
• Ode to Autumn.

1. Ode on Grecian urn :

             Keats describes  one of his day dream in letter. He had one lazy morning  in March. “Neither poetry, nor Ambition, nor love have any alertness of countenance as they pass by me. They seem rather like three figures on Greek vase a man and two women- whom no one but myself could distinguish in their disguisment.”
         
           He looked at the image and try to write The poem and the result is Ode On Grecian Urn. According to the vision looked like picture of paralysis. The same image in the Ode on Grecian Urn.   This Ode is become famous because of its two line,
“ Beauty is truth, truth beauty- that is all
 ye know on Earth and all ye need to know”
       
             It began when poet see Urn and say that you are unrived bride of quiteness .  He also say that Urn is foster child, selvin historian. He tell Urn ad selvin historian because the art  which is on that Urn cannot explain by other that historian can explain.
           In the second stanza he change the scene. In this he address a boy who blows the pipes. Poet say that one play a song of Melodies which is unheard. He say that the song which can not listed is more beautiful. Youth will never stop singing the lover who is try to chasing his beloved will never will able to catch her or never able to kiss her.
         But he say that lover that there is no need to be sad because your love is always this much youthful and your beloved will also very young all the time.
       In the third stanza he continues the same thing and say that we never say buy to spring and this scene is frozen forever. This feeling is same for forever. He say that if you look at this feeling of frozen then then it gave feeling for the sorrow and sweetness. Here he spoke about sweetness is that much over that is anoying.
      In the forth stanza he changed the scene. He say that all this people are where they going. Next he say to print and asked where do you take this heifer and where you lead this people. He also say that this heifer know that what will happen to him. This people came from near town. Then he talk  to town. He tell town that this all your street are always alone.
       In last stanza he said that he said that this Urn is Attic shape. Then he talked about what is on that Urn. He talked about what is on that Urn. He say that there are marble men maidens and forest branches and trodden weeds are on urn. He say that to understand eternity is difficult to understand. Then say that  you will stay forever. He say that beauty is truth and truth is beauty. The way we have in Hindu,
सत्यम शिवम सुंदरम ।
 2. Ode to psyche :

                             The ode to psyche is one among the celebrated great odes. This ode though not estimated as high as Nightingale.
The Myth of Psyche:

           Psyche occures in the later times  of  antiquity as a personification of Human soul. Psyche  was the  youngest of the three daughter of a king and aroused by her Beauty the jealousy of Aphrodite. The Goddess ordered cupid himself fell in love with her. Unseen and unknown he visited her every night and left her as soon as the day began to dawn. But her jealous sister made her believe that in the darkness she was embracing some hideous monster and accordingly once while Cupid was asleep, she drew near to him with a lamp and her amazement, beheld the most lovely of Gods. A drop of hot oil fell from her lamp upon his shoulder. This awoke cupid who censured her for her mistrust and fled. Psyche's happiness was gone, and she wandered about from temple to Temple, inquiring after her lover, and at length be to the palace of Aphrodite. Aphrodite retained her, and imposed upon her the hardest labours. Psyche would have perished had not Cupid who still loved her in secret invisible comforted and assisted her. With his aid she at last succeeded in overcoming the hatred of Aphrodite. She became immortal and was united to him forever.
          In this story Psyche represents the human Soul, which is purified by passions and misfortunes and thus prepared for happiness.
 
    Summery :

                           Keats’s speaker opens the poem with an address to the goddess Psyche, urging her to hear his words, and asking that she forgive him for singing to her her own secrets. He says that while wandering through the forest that very day, he stumbled upon “two fair creatures” lying side by side in the grass, beneath a “whisp’ring roof” of leaves, surrounded by flowers. They embraced one another with both their arms and wings, and though their lips did not touch, they were close to one another and ready “past kisses to outnumber.” The speaker says he knew the winged boy, but asks who the girl was. He answers his own question: She was Psyche.
                   In the second stanza, the speaker addresses Psyche again, describing her as the youngest and most beautiful of all the Olympian gods and goddesses. He believes this, he says, despite the fact that, unlike other divinities, Psyche has none of the trappings of worship: She has no temples, no altars, no choir to sing for her, and so on. In the third stanza, the speaker attributes this lack to Psyche’s youth; she has come into the world too late for “antique vows” and the “fond believing lyre.” But the speaker says that even in the fallen days of his own time, he would like to pay homage to Psyche and become her choir, her music, and her oracle. In the fourth stanza, he continues with these declarations, saying he will become Psyche’s priest and build her a temple in an “untrodden region” of his own mind, a region surrounded by thought that resemble the beauty of nature and tended by “the gardener Fancy,” or imagination. He promises Psyche “all soft delight” and says that the window of her new abode will be left open at night, so that her winged boy—”the warm Love”—can come in.
Conclusion:

            In this way we can see that  John Keats uses the myth in his odes. We also find that his own life suffering is reflected in his odes. This things we find when we look his ode to Nightingale. We also see keats use of Nature in his odes. He suffered throughout his life but though his odes are full of enjoyment.