The Age Of The Transition in the English literature

The Age Of The Transition in English literature

The Historical Background:

The period covered by the present chapter is the middle and later stage of the eighteenth century. During this time there are several historical movements were noticed. It was an era of change from pseudo-classicism to romanticism.

1. Decline of Party Feud: The rivalry between the Whigs and Tories still continued but it had lost its previous bitterness. This naturally led to a considerable decline of the activity in political pamphleteering. The poets and satirists ceased to be statesmen. The institution of literary patronage gradually crumbled during this period. Men of letters learnt to depend entirely on their public.

2. 2. Commercial and Imperial Expansion: Under the management of whig minister Walpole England show the immense growth in the British Empire. This expansion shows England new culture, way of living. This brought the new ideas and sight in literature as well. The passion of India and America in itself was an inspiration also these new territories brought the new burdens like the American revolt.

3. 3. The French Revolution: During the second half of the eighteenth-century new ideas were germinating and new forces were gathering strength. The French Revolution of 1789 was only the climax of a long and deeply diffused unrest. Revolutionary ideas gave birth to democratic and humanitarian feelings. And it influenced literature greatly.

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પ્રેમ કે આદત

Payar hua ikrar hua hai Pyar sai fir kyu darta hai Kahta hai dil rasta mushkil Malum nahi kaha hai manzil. આ ગીત મે ઍટલે નથી લખ્યું કે મને પ્રેમ થયો છે. સાચે કવ તો મને પ્રેમ થય જ ના શકે. પણ આજ આ ગીત સભડ્યું એટલે અમુક વિચાર આવ્યા એટલે લખ્યું. આમતો આ સોંગ જ એક ટ્રેડ માર્ક છે. જ્યારે કોઈ પણ આ સોંગ સાંભળે એટલે જો એને પ્રેમ થયો હોય તો એના પ્રેમી કે પ્રેમિકા ની યાદ આવી જ જાય. પણ હું જ્યારે પણ આ સોંગ સાંભળું ત્યારે મને સવાલ થાય કે શું પ્રેમ કરવો અને પછી એનો એકરાર કરવો સરળ હોતો હશે ? અને જો ખબર જ છે કે આ બધી વસ્તુઓ ખુબ અઘરી છે તો લોકો આમાં ફસાતા કેમ હસે ? પછી આગળ સોંગ માં એવું કે છે, કે જો પ્રિય પાત્રો નો સાથ છૂટી જશે તો ચાંદ નહિ ચમકે. એવું થોડી હોય કોઈ એક વ્યક્તિ ના આપડા જીવન માંથી જતા રેહવાથી કઈ આટલો બધો ફરક થોડી પડતો હશે. મારા મતે જોવા જાવ તો આ બધી એક આદત ની વાત છે. તમને કોઈ ના હસવાની, કોઈના બોલવાની, કોઈની ચિંતા કરવાની આદત પડી ગઈ હોય અને અમુક કિસ્સામાં કોઈના ઝગાડવાની પણ આદત પડી જતી હોય છે. બસ આટલું જ હોય. સમય ની સાથે આપડે આપના રૂટીન માં ગોઢવાત જઈએ અને બધું ભૂલાઈ જાય. એ

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